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  2. Old Norse orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography

    The orthography is essentially the same (since it was intentionally modelled after the aforementioned normalized Old Norse in the 19th century), but changes from Old Norse phonology to Icelandic phonology are incorporated in the translation that may not have been in the source text. One such difference is the insertion of u before r, when it is ...

  3. Old Norse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse

    Old Norse vowel phonemes mostly come in pairs of long and short. The standardized orthography marks the long vowels with an acute accent. In medieval manuscripts, it is often unmarked but sometimes marked with an accent or through gemination. Old Norse had nasalized versions of all ten vowel places.

  4. Norwegian orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_orthography

    Norwegian orthography is the method of writing the Norwegian language, of which there are two written standards: Bokmål and Nynorsk.While Bokmål has for the most part derived its forms from the written Danish language and Danish-Norwegian speech, Nynorsk gets its word forms from Aasen's reconstructed "base dialect", which is intended to represent the distinctive dialectal forms.

  5. Sinfjötli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfjötli

    Sinfjǫtli is formed from two parts, sin-, and fjǫtli.The latter is cognate with the Old English Fitela.In the standardized Old Norse orthography, the name is spelled Sinfjǫtli, but the letter 'ǫ' is frequently replaced with the Modern Icelandic ö for reasons of familiarity or technical expediency.

  6. First Grammatical Treatise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Grammatical_Treatise

    Based on the description of minimal pairs of words in Old Norse, Einar Haugen proposes one tentative interpretation of the vowel description given by the First Grammatical Treatise. [6] There are potentially 36 vowels in Old Norse, with 9 basic vowel qualities, /i, y, e, ø, ɛ, u, o, ɔ, a/ , which are further distinguished by length and nasality.

  7. Thorn (letter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorn_(letter)

    Thorn or þorn (Þ, þ) is a letter in the Old English, Old Norse, Old Swedish and modern Icelandic alphabets, as well as modern transliterations of the Gothic alphabet, Middle Scots, and some dialects of Middle English. It was also used in medieval Scandinavia but was later replaced with the digraph th, except in Iceland, where it survives.

  8. Náströnd - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Náströnd

    In the standardized Old Norse orthography, the name was spelled Nástrǫnd, which in 11th century Old West Norse was pronounced [ˈnɑːˌstrɔnd]. In Modern Icelandic the letter 'ǫ' is replaced by ö, and Náströnd is pronounced [ˈnauˌstrœnt].

  9. Old Norse morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse_morphology

    Old Norse has three categories of verbs (strong, weak, & present-preterite) and two categories of nouns (strong, weak). Conjugation and declension are carried out by a mix of inflection and two nonconcatenative morphological processes: umlaut, a backness-based alteration to the root vowel; and ablaut, a replacement of the root vowel, in verbs.