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A multimap generalizes an associative array by allowing multiple values to be associated with a single key. [9] A bidirectional map is a related abstract data type in which the mappings operate in both directions: each value must be associated with a unique key, and a second lookup operation takes a value as an argument and looks up the key ...
Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++, wrote the first version of the stream I/O library in 1984, as a type-safe and extensible alternative to C's I/O library. [5] The library has undergone a number of enhancements since this early version, including the introduction of manipulators to control formatting, and templatization to allow its use with character types other than char.
In the C++ programming language, seekg is a function in the fstream library (part of the standard library) that allows you to seek to an arbitrary position in a file. This function is defined for ifstream class - for ofstream class there's a similar function seekp (this is to avoid conflicts in case of classes that derive both istream and ostream, such as iostream).
Single-value containers store each object independently. Objects may be accessed directly, by a language loop construct (e.g. for loop) or with an iterator. An associative container uses an associative array, map, or dictionary, composed of key-value pairs, such that each key appears at most once in the container. The key is used to find the ...
The "QMap" key/value dictionary (up to Qt 4) template class of Qt is implemented with skip lists. [13] Redis, an ANSI-C open-source persistent key/value store for Posix systems, uses skip lists in its implementation of ordered sets. [14] Discord uses skip lists to handle storing and updating the list of members in a server. [15]
In the Java Swing API, the LayoutManager interface defines how Container objects can have controlled Component placement. One of the more powerful LayoutManager implementations is the GridBagLayout class which requires the use of the GridBagConstraints class to specify how layout control occurs.
A more involved example is the Boom hierarchy of the binary tree, list, bag and set abstract data types. [10] All these data types can be declared by three operations: null, which constructs the empty container, single, which constructs a container from a single element and append, which combines two containers of the same type. The complete ...
A map, sometimes referred to as a dictionary, consists of a key/value pair. The key is used to order the sequence, and the value is somehow associated with that key. For example, a map might contain keys representing every unique word in a text and values representing the number of times that word appears in the text.