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A homonculus inside a sperm cell, as drawn by Nicolaas Hartsoeker in 1695 Jan Swammerdam, Miraculum naturae sive uteri muliebris fabrica, 1729. In the history of biology, preformationism (or preformism) is a formerly popular theory that organisms develop from miniature versions of themselves.
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form .
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Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or an existing drug into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. [1] The patients could be either humans or animals. Pharmaceutics helps relate the formulation of drugs to their delivery and disposition in the body. [2]
The phrase "drug design" is similar to ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). [6] Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, and side effects, that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and effictive drug.
The history of pharmacy as a modern and independent science dates back to the first third of the 19th century. Before then, pharmacy evolved from antiquity as part of medicine . Before the advent of pharmacists, there existed apothecaries that worked alongside priests and physicians in regard to patient care.
Pharmaceutics: the study and design of drug formulation for optimum delivery, stability, pharmacokinetics, and patient acceptance. [41] Pharmacognosy: the study of medicines derived from natural sources. [42] As new discoveries advance and extend the pharmaceutical sciences, subspecialties continue to be added to this list.
The concept has roots in preformationism as well as earlier folklore and alchemic traditions. The term lends its name to the cortical homunculus , an image of a person with the size of the body parts distorted to represent how much area of the cerebral cortex of the brain is devoted to it.