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Conversely, significant rates of modern human gene flow into Neanderthals occurred—of the three examined lineages—for only the Altai Neanderthal (0.1–2.1%), suggesting that modern human gene flow into Neanderthals mainly took place after the separation of the Altai Neanderthals from the El Sidrón and Vindija Neanderthals that occurred ...
According to linkage disequilibrium mapping, the last Neanderthal gene flow into the modern human genome occurred 86–37,000 years ago, but most likely 65–47,000 years ago. [ 73 ] [ 74 ] Neanderthals additionally came into genetic contact with modern humans during a more ancient modern humans dispersal out of Africa 250,000 years ago; this ...
The Neanderthal genome project is an effort, founded in July 2006, of a group of scientists to sequence the Neanderthal genome. It was initiated by 454 Life Sciences , a biotechnology company based in Branford, Connecticut in the United States and is coordinated by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.
The new research estimates an average date for Neanderthal-Homo sapiens interbreeding of about 47,000 years ago, compared to previous estimates that ranged from 54,000 to 41,000 years ago.
Scientists, however, have found it surprisingly hard to piece together gene flow in the opposite direction: how intermingling between the two groups may have shaped Neanderthals, who went extinct ...
From the extent of linkage disequilibrium, it was estimated that the last Neanderthal gene flow into early ancestors of Europeans occurred 47,000–65,000 years BP. In conjunction with archaeological and fossil evidence, interbreeding is thought to have occurred somewhere in Western Eurasia, possibly the Middle East. [ 89 ]
At the time of the last Neanderthals, approximately 45 to 40 thousand years ago, genetic analysis suggests that there was a gene flow from Neanderthals to modern humans of around 10%, but almost no flow from modern humans to Neanderthals.
Genetic studies suggest some maternal gene flow to eastern Europe from eastern Asia or southern Siberia 13,000 – 6,600 years BP. [78] Analysis of Neolithic skeletons in the Great Hungarian Plain found a high frequency of eastern Asian mtDNA haplogroups, some of which survive in modern eastern European populations. [ 78 ]