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Tetrachromacy (from Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cell in the eye. Organisms with tetrachromacy are called tetrachromats.
There are several theories for tetrachromacy in humans, but the most popular theory is related to females carriers of color blindness.Carriers will have one opsin gene (OPN1MW or OPN1LW) with differing alleles thereof on each chromosome, such that the alleles encode proteins with different spectral sensitivities.
Tetrachromacy (carrier theory) Tetrachromacy 'Superior' 11 Causes. Color blindness is any deviation of color vision from normal trichromatic color vision (often as ...
Since the incidence of anomalous trichromacy in males is ~6%, which should equal the incidence of anomalous M opsin or L opsin alleles, it follows that the prevalence of unaffected female carriers of colorblindness (and therefore of potential tetrachromats) is 11.3% (i.e. 94% × 6% × 2), based on the Hardy–Weinberg principle. [15]
A remote vertebrate ancestor of primates possessed tetrachromacy, [1] but nocturnal, warm-blooded, mammalian ancestors lost two of four cones in the retina at the time of dinosaurs. Most teleost fish , reptiles and birds are therefore tetrachromatic while most mammals are strictly dichromats , the exceptions being some primates and marsupials ...
Gene therapy for color blindness is an experimental gene therapy of the human retina aiming to grant typical trichromatic color vision to individuals with congenital color blindness by introducing typical alleles for opsin genes.
The Ishihara test is a color vision test for detection of red–green color deficiencies.It was named after its designer, Shinobu Ishihara, a professor at the University of Tokyo, who first published his tests in 1917.
Leaves change color in the fall because their chromophores (chlorophyll molecules) break down and stop absorbing red and blue light.[1]A chromophore is a molecule which absorbs light at a particular wavelength and reflects color as a result.
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