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The rating scale is made up of four categories; verbal aggression, aggression against objects, aggression against self, and aggression against others. [1] Each category consists of five responses, which over time can track the patient's aggressive behavior. The MOAS is one of the most widely used measures for violence and aggression. [2]
Training should be offered in modules, ranging initially from basic customer care and handling difficult patients to full control and restraint of patients. Material relating to the causes of aggression, how to reduce risks, anticipation of violence, resolving conflict and dealing with post-incident circumstances should be provided to staff.
The nursing organization workplace has been identified as one in which workplace bullying occurs quite frequently. [1] [2] It is thought that relational aggression (psychological aspects of bullying such as gossiping and intimidation) are relevant. Relational aggression has been studied amongst girls but rarely amongst adult women. [3]
The Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (also known as the Aggression Questionnaire and sometimes referred to as the AGQ or AQ) was designed by Arnold H. Buss and Mark Perry, professors from the University of Texas at Austin in a 1992 article for the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. [1]
The second two levels form a taxonomy in which each intervention is grouped into 27 classes, and each class is grouped into six domains. An intent of this structure is to make it easier for a nurse to select an intervention for the situation, and to use a computer to describe the intervention in terms of standardized labels for classes and domains.
Causes for patient outbursts vary, including psychiatric diagnosis, under the influence of drugs or alcohol, [4] or subject to a long wait time. [5] Certain areas are more at risk for this kind of violence including healthcare workers in psychiatric settings, emergency or critical care, or long-term care and dementia units. [1]
Anger management interventions are based in cognitive behavioral techniques and follow in a three-step process. [19] First, the client learns to identify situations that can potentially trigger the feeling of anger. A situation that elicits anger is often referred to as an anger cue. [26]
An insufficient or overdue intervention may leave staff needing to use coercive measures to manage an aggressive or violent client. Coercive measures, such as chemical or mechanical restraints , or seclusion , are damaging to the therapeutic relationship and harmful to clients and staff.