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A World War I British P Helmet, c. 1915 Zelinsky–Kummant protivogaz, designed in 1915, was one of the first modern-type full-head protection gas masks with a detachable filter and eyelet glasses, shown here worn by U.S. Army soldier (USAWC photo) Indian muleteers and mule wearing gas masks, France, February 21, 1940 A Polish SzM-41M KF gas mask, used from the 1950s through to the 1980s
The Zelinsky-Kummant gas mask was the world's first gas mask [1] which had the ability to absorb a wide range of chemical warfare agents. The gas mask was developed in 1915 by Russian chemist Nikolay Zelinsky and technologist of the Triangle plant M.I. Kummant. [2] The design was later improved by I. D. Avalov and entered mass production.
The Black Veil Respirator. The German army used chlorine as a poison gas for the first time against Allied troops at the Second Battle of Ypres on 22 April 1915. [1] As an immediate response, the British began issuing cotton wool wrapped in muslin to its troops by 3 May. [2]
In both Axis and Allied nations, children in school were taught to wear gas masks in case of gas attack. Germany developed the poison gases tabun, sarin, and soman during the war, and used Zyklon B in their extermination camps. Neither Germany nor the Allied nations used any of their war gases in combat, despite maintaining large stockpiles and ...
This primitive type of mask went through several stages of development before being superseded in 1916 by the canister gas mask. [12] More elaborate sorbent compounds were added later to further iterations of the helmet (P Helmet and PH helmet), to defeat other respiratory poison gases used such as phosgene, diphosgene and chloropicrin.
By late July 1915, 30 gas artillery batteries had been deployed to the German front lines, each equipped with several thousand gas shells. The use of gas was intended to dispose of the Russian garrison, which lacked adequate gas protection or masks. [2] The final assault plan called for multiple infantry units to advance after the gas had ...
Earlier versions of the gas mask prior to 1915s development of the small box respirator were crude and ineffective as no troops had yet experienced poison warfare. One of the first gas masks seen in the early part of the war was the British hypo helmet, after recent failure and ineffectiveness of the black veil respirator. The helmet was ...
Germany: Gas mask and NBC clothing — Standard gas mask in service, with additional purchases since 2021. [114] [115] EOD protection Med-Eng EOD 9 "Schutzanzug EOD 9" Canada: Bomb disposal suit and helmet ensemble — Equipment used with the TPz Fuchs 1A8A5 FüFu EOD. [116]