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In computer networks, propagation delay is the amount of time it takes for the head of the signal to travel from the sender to the receiver. It can be computed as the ratio between the link length and the propagation speed over the specific medium. Propagation delay is equal to d / s where d is the distance and s is the wave propagation speed.
Roundtrip time = 2 × Packet delivery time + processing delay. In case of only one physical link, the above expression corresponds to: Link roundtrip time = 2 × packet transmission time + 2 × propagation delay + processing delay. If the response packet is very short, the link roundtrip time can be expressed as close to:
In digital circuits, propagation time is the delay of the basic inverter of a given family. Thus, it measures the speed at which such family can operate. Thus, it measures the speed at which such family can operate.
The retarded time is the propagation delay between emission and observation, since it takes time for information to travel between emitter and observer. This arises due to causality . Retarded and advanced times
In telecommunications, round-trip delay (RTD) or round-trip time (RTT) is the amount of time it takes for a signal to be sent plus the amount of time it takes for acknowledgement of that signal having been received. This time delay includes propagation times for the paths between the two communication endpoints. [1]
Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]
Queuing delay – time the packet spends in routing queues; Transmission delay – time it takes to push the packet's bits onto the link; Propagation delay – time for a signal to propagate through the media; A certain minimum level of delay is experienced by signals due to the time it takes to transmit a packet serially through a link.
The speed of light imposes a minimum propagation time on all electromagnetic signals. It is not possible to reduce the latency below = / where s is the distance and c m is the speed of light in the medium (roughly 200,000 km/s for most fiber or electrical media, depending on their velocity factor).