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In later years, Nida distanced himself from the term "dynamic equivalence" and preferred the term "functional equivalence". [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] What the term "functional equivalence" suggests is not just that the equivalence is between the function of the source text in the source culture and the function of the target text (translation) in the ...
A dynamic equivalence (free) translation tries to clearly convey the thoughts and ideas of the source text. A literal translation, it is argued, may obscure the intention of the original author. A free translator attempts to convey the subtleties of context and subtext in the work, so that the reader is presented with both a translation of the ...
Functional equivalence can refer to Dynamic and formal equivalence in biblical translation; Functional equivalence (ecology), a concept in community ecology;
The debate between the formal equivalence and dynamic (or 'functional') equivalence translation styles has increased with the introduction of inclusive language versions. Various terms are employed to defend or attack this development, such as feminist, gender neutral, or gender accurate.
The question of fidelity vs. transparency has also been formulated in terms of, respectively, "formal equivalence" and "dynamic [or functional] equivalence" – expressions associated with the translator Eugene Nida and originally coined to describe ways of translating the Bible; but the two approaches are applicable to any translation. "Formal ...
In 1964, [citation needed] Eugene Nida described translation as having two different types of equivalence: formal and dynamic equivalence. [14] Formal equivalence is when there is focus on the message itself (in both form and content); [15] the message in the target language should match the message in the source language as closely as possible ...
The Amplified Bible largely offers a word-for-word (formal equivalence) translation, in contrast to thought-for-thought (dynamic equivalence) translations at the opposite end of the Bible translation spectrum. [6] [7] [8] Amplification is indicated by parentheses, brackets, italicized conjunctions, and bold or italicized text. Each form ...
Formal equivalence checking process is a part of electronic design automation (EDA), commonly used during the development of digital integrated circuits, to formally prove that two representations of a circuit design exhibit exactly the same behavior.