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Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (better known as PET-CT or PET/CT) is a nuclear medicine technique which combines, in a single gantry, a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner and an x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner, to acquire sequential images from both devices in the same session, which are combined into a single superposed (co-registered) image.
Positron emission tomography (PET) [1] is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes, and in other physiological activities including blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.
Cardiac PET (or cardiac positron emission tomography) is a form of diagnostic imaging in which the presence of heart disease is evaluated using a PET scanner. Intravenous injection of a radiotracer is performed as part of the scan. Commonly used radiotracers are Rubidium-82, Nitrogen-13 ammonia and Oxygen-15 water. [1]
Brain positron emission tomography is a form of positron emission tomography (PET) that is used to measure brain metabolism and the distribution of exogenous radiolabeled chemical agents throughout the brain. PET measures emissions from radioactively labeled metabolically active chemicals that have been injected into the bloodstream.
The idea for the PET scan was originally proposed by William Sweet in the 1950s, but the first full-body PET scanner wasn't actually developed until 1974 by Michael Phelp. [9] Similarly, the single-photon emission computed tomography scan, or SPECT scan, also works by scanning a tracer within the patient.
Siemens was the first to combine positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT). [25] By creating this hybrid imaging system, Siemens combined the PET scanner's ability to visualize biological processes of life with a CT system's anatomical image of tissues and organs.
A 2024 overview of reviews published in Seminars of Nuclear Medicine concluded that while evidence gaps remain for some outcomes and most systematic reviews are at high or unclear risk of bias, the evidence base is broadly supportive of 18-F PSMA PET/CT in patients with high-risk prostate cancer or biochemical recurrence [10]
PET-MRI systems don't offer a direct way to obtain attenuation maps, unlike stand-alone PET or PET-CT systems. [32] [33] Stand alone PET systems' attenuation correction (AC) is based on a transmission scan (mu - map) acquired using a 68 Ge (Germanium-68) rotating rod source, which directly measures photon attenuation at 511 keV.