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Couvade syndrome, also called sympathetic pregnancy, is a proposed condition in which an expectant father experiences some of the same symptoms and behavior as his pregnant partner. [1] These most often include major weight gain, altered hormone levels, morning nausea , and disturbed sleep patterns.
Feelings of stress, depression, guilt, or anxiety in infertile men can cause psychogenic impotence, which heightens the feelings of inadequacy that already accompany infertility. Hence, stress easily activate the hypothalamus-pituitary- adrenal axis which manages the bodies cortizol levels. [7]
Any form of prenatal stress felt by the mother can have negative effects on various aspects of fetal development, which can cause harm to the mother and child. Even after birth, a child born from a depressed or stressed mother feels the affects. The child is less active and can also experience emotional distress.
According to a study conducted in 2005, 65% of males identified with depressive symptoms when the child was 8 weeks old. [4] The causes of paternal depression include stress overload, caring responsively to the children, undertaking multiple family and social roles and a decrease in direct father to child interaction. [4]
There are no set criteria for men to have postpartum depression. [26] The cause may be distinct in males. [27] Causes of paternal postpartum depression include hormonal changes during pregnancy, which can be indicative of father-child relationships. [26] For instance, male depressive symptoms have been associated with low testosterone levels in ...
Infertility may have psychological effects. Parenthood is one of the major transitions in adult life for both men and women. The stress of the non-fulfilment of a wish for a child has been associated with emotional consequences such as anger, depression, anxiety, marital problems and feelings of worthlessness. [20]
Signs and symptoms of pregnancy are common, benign conditions that result from the changes to the body that occur during pregnancy. Signs and symptoms of pregnancy typically change as pregnancy progresses, although several symptoms may be present throughout. Depending on severity, common symptoms in pregnancy can develop into complications. [1 ...
A 2008 study found that children whose mothers experienced moderate to severe stress during their pregnancy tended to develop symptoms that more frequently fell on the severe side of the ADHD severity spectrum. This distinction was made in comparison to those with ADHD whose mothers were not exposed to prenatal stressors. [16]