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The art of mural painting dates back to ancient times in India, with early surviving specimens being the Ajanta Caves' frescoes. [5] There exists very old murals within the Punjab region itself, with an extant example being the wall paintings of the Lahore Fort, commissioned during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar. [5]
Pal (1960) states that, despite there being a reduction in the art for the last 50 years in undivided Punjab, girls and women still continued to embroider phulkaris in the then Punjab comprising modern Punjab, India, Haryana and parts of Himachal Pradesh to at least the 1950s. In villages far away from the cities, Phulkaris such as the chope ...
[5] The third type which Zangwill identifies as representing the transition of the philosophy of aesthetics into the 21st century is that of moderate formalism, where its principal exponents defend the principle "that all the aesthetic properties of works of art in a select class are formal, and second, that although many works of art outside ...
The term "Punjab" came into currency during the reign of Akbar in the late sixteenth century. [43] [33] [34] Though the name Punjab is of Persian origin, its two parts (پنج, panj, 'five' and آب, āb, 'water') are cognates of the Sanskrit words, पञ्च, pañca, 'five' and अप्, áp, 'water', of the same meaning.
[153] [154] After the accession of Khizr Khan, the Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Sindh were reunited under the Delhi Sultanate, where he spent his time subduing rebellions. [155] Punjab was the powerbase of Khizr Khan and his successors as the bulk of the Delhi army during their reigns came from Multan and Dipalpur. [156]
One notable example is the teaching of Punjabi language and literature by the University of the Punjab in Lahore which began in 1970 with the establishment of its Punjabi Department. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] In the cultural sphere, there are many books, plays, and songs being written or produced in the Punjabi-language in Pakistan.
After independence in 1947, there were only two major art schools in Pakistan - the Mayo School of Art and the Department of Fine Arts at the Punjab University. [2] Early pioneers of Pakistani art include Abdur Rahman Chughtai who painted with Mughal and Islamic styles, [2] and Ahmed Parvez who was among the early modernists of Pakistan. [3]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 5 February 2025. Geographical region in South Asia This article is about the geographical region. For the province of Pakistan, see Punjab, Pakistan. For the state in India, see Punjab, India. For other uses, see Punjab (disambiguation). Region Punjab ਪੰਜਾਬ (Punjabi Gurmukhi) پنجاب ...