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In ordinary English (also natural language) "necessary" and "sufficient" indicate relations between conditions or states of affairs, not statements. For example, being a man is a necessary condition for being a brother, but it is not sufficient—while being a man sibling is a necessary and sufficient condition for being a brother.
[2] in other words, when some factor is sufficient to cause an effect, the presence of the cause guarantees the occurrence of the effect. [3] However, a different cause z may also cause y, meaning that y may occur without x occurring. [2] [3] For a concrete example, consider the conditional statement "if an object is a square, then it has four ...
Necessary condition analysis follows a step-by-step approach to identify necessary conditions. The key steps involved in conducting NCA are as follows: Formulation of a necessity hypothesis: The first step in NCA is to clearly define the theoretical expectation specifying the condition(s) that may be necessary for the outcome of interest.
For example, but for running the red light, the collision would not have occurred.) The action is a necessary condition, but may not be a sufficient condition, for the resulting injury. A few circumstances exist where the but-for test is ineffective (see But-for test below).
For a polynomial to be Hurwitz, it is necessary but not sufficient that all of its coefficients be positive (except for quadratic polynomials, which also imply sufficiency). A necessary and sufficient condition that a polynomial is Hurwitz is that it passes the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion. A given polynomial can be efficiently tested to ...
Necessary and sufficient condition, in logic, something that is a required condition for something else to be the case; Necessary proposition, in logic, a statement about facts that is either unassailably true (tautology) or obviously false (contradiction) Metaphysical necessity, in philosophy, a truth which is true in all possible worlds
The article is about the distinct, but related, concepts of 'necessity' and 'sufficiency', and not about 'necessary and sufficient conditions', which is only one of the four basic types: necessary and sufficient, necessary but not sufficient, sufficient but not necessary, and neither necessary nor sufficient.
Consider lung cancer as an example. Smoking is a major component cause of lung cancer, but not everyone who smokes develops lung cancer. Other component causes might include genetic predisposition, other environmental factors, etc. Only when all necessary component causes are present does the sufficient cause of lung cancer come into play.