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CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing techniques have many potential applications. The use of the CRISPR-Cas9-gRNA complex for genome editing [10] was the AAAS's choice for Breakthrough of the Year in 2015. [11] Many bioethical concerns have been raised about the prospect of using CRISPR for germline editing, especially in human embryos. [12]
Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within living organisms. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnological products, and treatment of diseases.
The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique was a significant contributor to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 being awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. [ 2 ] More technically, Cas9 is a RNA -guided DNA endonuclease enzyme associated with the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ( CRISPR ) adaptive immune ...
Researchers have been able to manipulate large chunks of genetic code for almost 50 years. This newfound ability is called gene-editing, the tool is called CRISPR, and it’s being used worldwide ...
A potentially successful example of the application of genome editing techniques in crop improvement can be found in banana, where scientists used CRISPR/Cas9 editing to inactivate the endogenous banana streak virus in the B genome of banana (Musa spp.) to overcome a major challenge in banana breeding. [57]
The cas9 complex, illustrating the gRNA, PAM and the double-stranded break induced in the target DNA. CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 is a technique used for gene editing and gene therapy. Cas is an endonuclease enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific location directed by a guide RNA.