Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Alpha-synuclein is a synuclein protein primarily found in neural tissue, making up as much as one percent of all proteins in the cytosol of brain cells. [17] It is expressed highly in neurons within the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and olfactory bulb, [17] but can also be found in the non-neuronal glial cells. [18]
The DNA repair function of alpha-synuclein appears to be compromised in Lewy body inclusion bearing neurons, and this may trigger cell death. Study of synucleinopathy mouse models of Parkinson's disease indicates that alpha-synuclein pathogenesis is associated with increased DNA damage and activation of the DNA damage response. [19]
Alpha-synuclein is an intracellular protein typically localized to presynaptic terminals and involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking, intracellular transport, and neurotransmitter release. [ 102 ] [ 104 ] When misfolded , it can aggregate into oligomers and proto-fibrils that in turn lead to Lewy body formation.
Alpha-synuclein modulates DNA repair processes, including repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the process of non-homologous end joining [13] The repair function of alpha-synuclein appears to be greatly reduced in Lewy body bearing neurons, and this reduction may trigger cell death.
Mutations in alpha-synuclein are associated with early-onset familial Parkinson's disease and the protein aggregates abnormally in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. [5] [6] The gamma-synuclein protein's expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression. [7] [8]
alpha-synuclein: can aggregate to form insoluble fibrils in pathological conditions characterized by Lewy bodies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Alpha-synuclein is the primary structural component of Lewy body fibrils.
The conformation of the alpha-synuclein is different from that of alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. [3] The disease probably starts with an oligodendrogliopathy. [ 34 ] It has been proposed that the α-synuclein inclusions found in Oligodendrocytes result from the pruning and the engulfment of diseased axonal segments containing aggregated α ...
Alpha-synuclein deposits can affect cardiac muscle and blood vessels. [74] " Degeneration of the cardiac sympathetic nerves is a neuropathological feature" of the Lewy body dementias, according to Yamada et al. [ 75 ] Almost all people with synucleinopathies have cardiovascular dysfunction, although most are asymptomatic. [ 76 ]