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Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane, a process known as facilitated diffusion. Because glucose is a vital source of energy for all life, these transporters are present in all phyla .
GLUT4 has a Km value for glucose of about 5 mM, which as stated above is the normal blood glucose level in healthy individuals. GLUT4 is the most abundant glucose transporter in skeletal muscle and is thus considered to be rate limiting for glucose uptake and metabolism in resting muscles. [8]
SLC5A4, also known as SGLT3, is a member of the sodium-glucose cotransporter family. Unlike SGLT1 and SGLT2, which are efficient glucose transporters, SGLT3 functions primarily as a glucose sensor rather than a transporter. It has a low affinity for glucose and does not significantly contribute to glucose transport across cell membranes.
SGLT2 is a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family, which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. SGLT2 is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. [6] SGLT2 is located in the early proximal tubule, and is responsible for reabsorption of 80-90% of the glucose filtered by the kidney glomerulus. [7]
Glucose transporters are integral membrane proteins that mediate the transport of glucose and structurally related substances across cellular membranes.Two families of glucose transporter have been identified: the facilitated diffusion glucose transporter family (GLUT family), also known as uniporters, and the sodium-dependent glucose transporter family (SGLT family), also known as ...
The SLC series does not include members of transport protein families that have previously been classified by other widely accepted nomenclature systems including: primary active transporters (allow flow uphill against electrochemical gradients) such as ABC ( ATP Binding Cassette) transporters by coupling transport to an energy releasing event ...