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Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a metabolic disturbance which occurs as a result of reinstitution of nutrition in people who are starved, severely malnourished, or metabolically stressed because of severe illness.
Such complications are suggested to be the main reason for mortality in people requiring long-term total parenteral nutrition, such as in short bowel syndrome. [31] In newborn infants with short bowel syndrome with less than 10% of expected intestinal length, thereby being dependent upon total parenteral nutrition, five-year survival is ...
It is important that physicians are aware of the signs of refeeding syndrome, as this can be life-threatening if not detected early. [23] Because a symptom of the RED-S is menstrual dysfunction, some physicians may recommend oral contraceptives because those pills will regulate the menstrual cycle. However, the underlying cause of the menstrual ...
The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) is a US-based professional organization. Its members include dieticians, nurses, pharmacists, physicians and scientists who are involved in providing clinical nutrition to patients. [5] ASPEN was founded on June 5, 1975. [6] It was officially incorporated on November 30, 1976. [7]
Severely malnourished individuals can experience refeeding syndrome if fed too quickly. [169] Refeeding syndrome can result regardless of whether food is taken orally, enterally or parenterally. [169] It can present several days after eating with potentially fatal heart failure, dysrhythmias, and confusion. [169] [170]
Central pontine myelinolysis; Other names: Osmotic demyelination syndrome, central pontine demyelination: Axial fat-saturated T2-weighted image showing hyperintensity in the pons with sparing of the peripheral fibers, the patient was an alcoholic admitted with a serum Na of 101 treated with hypertonic saline, he was left with quadriparesis, dysarthria, and altered mental status
Patients that suffer from starvation can be treated, but this must be done cautiously to avoid refeeding syndrome. [24] Rest and warmth must be provided and maintained. Food can be given gradually in small quantities. The quantity of food can be increased over time. Proteins may be administered intravenously to raise the level of serum proteins ...
The routine use of VLCDs is not recommended due to safety concerns, but this approach can be used under medical supervision if there is a clinical rationale for rapid weight loss in obese individuals, as part of a "multi-component weight management strategy" with continuous support and for a maximum of 12 weeks, according to the NICE 2014 guidelines. [12]