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In women where the pregnancy is not the first, malaria infection is more often asymptomatic, even at high parasite loads, compared to women having their first pregnancy. [1] There is a decreasing susceptibility to malaria with increasing parity, probably due to immunity to pregnancy-specific antigens. [1] Young maternal age and increases the ...
Postpartum infections, also known as childbed fever and puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage. [1] Signs and symptoms usually include a fever greater than 38.0 °C (100.4 °F), chills, lower abdominal pain, and possibly bad-smelling vaginal discharge . [ 1 ]
A woman's breasts change during pregnancy to prepare them for breastfeeding a baby. Normal changes include: Tenderness of the nipple or breast; An increase in breast size over the course of the pregnancy; Changes in the color or size of the nipples and areola; More pronounced appearance of Montgomery's tubercles (bumps on the areola)
The caloric requirement for a non-breastfeeding, non-pregnant woman changes from 1,800-2,000 kcal/day to 2,300 to 2500 kcal/day for the breastfeeding woman. Nutritional supplementation is often prescribed and recommended. In some instances women are encouraged to continue to take pre-natal vitamins. Increasing the intake of fluids is discussed.
Some women feel uterine contractions, called afterpains, during the first few days after delivery. They have been described as similar to menstrual cramps and are more common during breastfeeding, due to the release of oxytocin. The cramping is the compressing of the blood vessels in the uterus to prevent bleeding. [25]
Johannesburg — For weeks it was dubbed simply "Disease X." But the mysterious flu-like disease that has killed more than 143 people — mainly women and young children — in the Democratic ...
A vertically transmitted infection can be called a perinatal infection if it is transmitted in the perinatal period, which starts at gestational ages between 22 [24] and 28 weeks [25] (with regional variations in the definition) and ending seven completed days after birth.
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