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Pioneer 10 and 11 speed and distance from the Sun Heliocentric positions of the five interstellar probes (squares) and other bodies (circles) until 2020, with launch and flyby dates. Markers denote positions on 1 January of each year, with every fifth year labelled.
Pioneer 9 (Pioneer D) – launched November 1968 (inactive since 1983) Pioneer E – lost in launcher failure August 1969; Pioneer 6 and Pioneer 9 are in solar orbits with 0.8 AU distance to the Sun. Their orbital periods are therefore slightly shorter than Earth's. Pioneer 7 and Pioneer 8 are in solar orbits with 1.1 AU distance to the Sun.
Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission Type Outcome 1 Pioneer 11: Pioneer 11: 6 April 1973: Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A [3] NASA: Flyby Successful First probe to reach Saturnian system. Closest approach on 1 September 1979 at 16:31 UTC. Flew past Iapetus, Dione, Mimas, Tethys, Enceladus, Rhea and Titan at long distances. Discovered Epimetheus ...
This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of spacecraft launch. It includes: It includes: All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes .
Pioneer P-30 [13] 31 January 1961: First hominidae in space (chimpanzee Ham). First tasks performed in space. USA (NASA) M-R 2: 12 February 1961: First launch from Earth orbit of upper stage into a heliocentric orbit. First mid-course corrections. First spin-stabilisation. USSR Venera 1: 12 April 1961: First human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin).
Launch date Origin Name Launch vehicle Target Status Description 1960 March 11 US: Pioneer 5: Thor-Able: Sun Success: Solar monitor. Measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region [3] May 15 Soviet Union: Korabl-Sputnik 1: Vostok-L: Earth Success
Kennedy Space Center, operated by NASA, has two launch complexes on Merritt Island comprising four pads—two active, one under lease, and one inactive.From 1967 to 1975, it was the site of 13 Saturn V launches, three crewed Skylab flights and the Apollo–Soyuz; all Space Shuttle flights from 1981 to 2011, and one Ares 1-X flight in 2009.
As of 2024, there are five interstellar probes, all launched by the American space agency NASA: Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11 and New Horizons. Also as of 2024, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are the only probes to have actually reached interstellar space. [1] The other three are on interstellar trajectories.