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If the pressure drop is high, at least 25 bars (2,500 kPa; 360 psi), the material is often finely atomized, as in a diesel injector. At lower pressures, this type of nozzle is often used for tank cleaning, either as a fixed position compound spray nozzle or as a rotary nozzle.
Hollow cone nozzles are best for applications requiring good atomization of liquids at low pressures or when quick heat transfer is needed. These nozzles also feature large and unobstructed flow passages, which provide a relatively high resistance to clogging. Hollow cone nozzles provide the smallest drop size distributions.
The devices using this method to achieve atomization are called as airblast, air-assist, or popularly twin-fluid atomizers. In a Rotary Atomizer, the rotating cup or disc forces the liquid to come out at a very high speed through its rim. [1] [2] The Rotary, Pressure-swirl [3] or Twin-fluid Atomizers [4] are the most common methods for spray ...
Convergent nozzles accelerate subsonic fluids. If the nozzle pressure ratio is high enough, then the flow will reach sonic velocity at the narrowest point (i.e. the nozzle throat). In this situation, the nozzle is said to be choked. Increasing the nozzle pressure ratio further will not increase the throat Mach number above one.
Pressure drop (Δp) Liquid-to-gas ratio (L/G) Liquid-inlet pressure (p L) Removal efficiency: Applications: Gases: 1.3–7.6 cm of water 0.07–2.70 L/m 3 (0.5–20 gal/1,000 ft 3) 70–2800 kPa 50–90 + % (high efficiency only when the gas is very soluble) Mining industries Chemical process industry Boilers and incinerators Iron and steel ...
Ultrasonic spray nozzle technology has been used to create films of indium tin oxide (ITO) in the formation of transparent conductive films (TCF). [9] ITO has excellent transparency and low sheet resistance, however it is a scarce material and prone to cracking, which does not make it a good candidate for the new flexible TCFs.