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A sidewalk (North American English) [1] [2] [3] or pavement (British English) is a path along the side of a road. Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for pedestrians. A sidewalk is normally higher than the roadway, and separated from it by a curb.
Sidewalk gaps: Sidewalks can be implemented where there are "sidewalk gaps," with priority to areas where walking is encouraged, such as around schools or transit stations. Campaigns such as Atlanta, Georgia's safe transit routes provide safer access to transit stops for pedestrians. [ 48 ]
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A curb extension marked by darkened tarmac and black posts. A curb extension (or also neckdown, kerb extension, bulb-out, bump-out, kerb build-out, nib, elephant ear, curb bulge, curb bulb, or blister) is a traffic calming measure which widens the sidewalk for a short distance.
Side slopes in the excavation area not steeper than one vertical to two horizontal for safety reasons. [44]: 53–56 Old road surfaces, fences, and buildings may need to be removed before construction can begin. Trees in the road construction area may be marked for retention.
Sag vertical curves are curves which, when viewed from the side, are concave upwards. This includes vertical curves at valley bottoms, but it also includes locations where an uphill grade becomes steeper, or a downhill grade becomes less steep. The most important design criterion for these curves is headlight sight distance. [2]
A curb cut. The curb cut effect is the phenomenon of disability-friendly features being used and appreciated by a larger group than the people they were designed for. The phenomenon is named for curb cuts – miniature ramps comprising parts of sidewalk – which were first made for wheelchair access in particular places, but were also welcomed by people pushing strollers, carts or luggage.
Not only sidewalks, but also inner alleys, common gardens, etc. Some street parts, such as a street greenway, isolated and with no related lot, can be also represented as a block without sidewalks. without sidewalks: represented by polygon obtained by the external border of the union of a set of touching land lots (illustration opposite).