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Native American Church, 1800 (19th century) [5] Reformed Mennonites, 1812; Restoration Movement, 1800s; various subgroups of Amish, throughout 19th and 20th centuries; American Unitarian Association, 1825 Unitarian Universalism, 1961 (consolidation of the Universalist Church and the AUA) Latter Day Saint movement/Mormonism, 1830
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or ...
Often considered a movement centered in New England, the American Renaissance was inspired in part by a new focus on humanism as a way to move from Calvinism. [5] Literary nationalists at this time were calling for a movement that would develop a unique American literary style to distinguish American literature from British literature. [1]
The Young America Movement was an American political, cultural and literary movement in the mid-19th century. Inspired by European reform movements of the 1830s (such as Junges Deutschland , Young Italy and Young Hegelians ), the American group was formed as a political organization in 1845 by Edwin de Leon and George Henry Evans .
Italian Renaissance – late 13th century – c. 1600 – late 15th century – late 16th century; Renaissance Classicism; Early Netherlandish painting – 1400 – 1500; Early Cretan School – post-Byzantine art or Cretan Renaissance 1400 – 1500; Mannerism and Late Renaissance – 1520 – 1600, began in central Italy
Philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson began the American transcendentalist movement in New England, to promote self-reliance and better understanding of the universe through contemplation of the over-soul. Transcendentalism was essentially an American offshoot of the Romantic movement in Europe.
In parts of India, an important movement called the "Bengal Renaissance" led to Enlightenment reforms beginning in the 1820s. [2] Ram Mohan Roy was a reformer who "fused different traditions in his project of social reform that made him a proponent of a 'religion of reason. ' " [ 2 ]
The middle and working classes thus shared a desire for reform, and agreed on many of the specific aims. Their participation in the revolutions, however, differed. While much of the impetus came from the middle classes, the physical backbone of the movement came from the lower classes. The revolts first erupted in the cities.