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The lumbar–peritoneal shunt is inserted between two of the lumbar vertebrae of the spine into the subarachnoid space.The subarachnoid space is a spongy tissue-filled cavity that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is contained.
It is a long tube with a one-way valve running subcutaneously from the peritoneum to the internal jugular vein in the neck, which allows ascitic fluid to pass directly into the systemic circulation. Various models exist, among which the LeVeen shunt and the Denver shunt. [2] Possible complications include: Infection; Superior vena caval thrombosis
A Peritoneovenous shunt: (also called Denver shunt) [2] is a shunt which drains peritoneal fluid from the peritoneum into veins, usually the internal jugular vein or the superior vena cava. It is sometimes used in patients with refractory ascites. It is a long tube with a non-return valve running subcutaneously from the peritoneum to the ...
A cerebral shunt is a device permanently implanted inside the head and body to drain excess fluid away from the brain. They are commonly used to treat hydrocephalus , the swelling of the brain due to excess buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Ventriculostomy is a neurosurgical procedure that involves creating a hole (stoma) within a cerebral ventricle for drainage. It is most commonly performed on those with hydrocephalus . [ 1 ] It is done by surgically penetrating the skull , dura mater, and brain such that the ventricular system ventricle of the brain is accessed.
If the lumboperitoneal shunt needs repeated revisions, a ventriculoatrial or ventriculoperitoneal shunt may be considered. These shunts are inserted in one of the lateral ventricles of the brain, usually by stereotactic surgery, and then connected either to the right atrium of the heart or the peritoneal cavity.
Resistance to traditional analgesic pharmacological therapy may also be a sign of shunt overdrainage or failure. [49] Following placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt there have been cases of a decrease in post-surgery hearing. It is presumed that the cochlea aqueduct is responsible for the decrease in hearing thresholds.
Paracentesis (from Greek κεντάω, "to pierce") is a form of body fluid sampling procedure, generally referring to peritoneocentesis (also called laparocentesis or abdominal paracentesis) in which the peritoneal cavity is punctured by a needle to sample peritoneal fluid. [1] [2] The procedure is used to remove fluid from the peritoneal ...