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A wet microbial cellulose pellicle being removed from a culture Nata de coco, a traditional food product from the Philippines made from fermenting coconut water with Komagataeibacter xylinus. Bacterial cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 10 O 5) n produced by certain types of bacteria.
The formation of the cellulose pellicle at the surface of the broth yields a product with unique characteristics that both bacteria and consumers find advantageous. Upon inoculation into the culture, bacteria such as Acetobacter immediately begin pulling glucose molecules together outside of the cell and joining them via β(1-4) linkages to form long, slender structures extending from their ...
Ribbon representation of the Streptomyces lividans β-1,4-endoglucanase catalytic domain - an example from the family 12 glycoside hydrolases [1]. Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4; systematic name 4-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides:
Cellodextrins are created through the cleavage of cellulose in most anaerobic bacteria by the cellulosome (an amalgamation of cellulolytic enzymes on the outside of a cell). ). An endoglucanase first cuts the crystalline cellulose in an amorphous zone and exoglucanases subsequently cleave these large insoluble chunks of cellulose into smaller, soluble cellodextrins which can be used by the
Most aerobic bacteria degrade cellulose with exoglucanases, endoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. Many contain cellulosomes, multienzyme structures that degrade cellulose on bacterial cell surfaces. C. hutchinsonii does not code for cellulosomes. Degradation most likely occurs in the bacterial periplasm. [6]
Miscellaneous: Cellulose can be converted into cellophane, a thin transparent film. It is the base material for the celluloid that was used for photographic and movie films until the mid-1930s. Cellulose is used to make water-soluble adhesives and binders such as methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose which are used in wallpaper paste.