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A Study of History is a 12-volume universal history by the British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, published from 1934 to 1961.It received enormous popular attention but according to historian Richard J. Evans, "enjoyed only a brief vogue before disappearing into the obscurity in which it has languished."
Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH FBA (/ ˈ t ɔɪ n b i /; 14 April 1889 – 22 October 1975) was an English historian, a philosopher of history, an author of numerous books and a research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King's College London.
Toynbee was born in Syria, the son of the physician Joseph Toynbee, a pioneering otolaryngologist. One of nine children, his sister was the bacteriologist Grace Frankland, [2] and his brother was Paget Toynbee, the Dante scholar. Toynbee was the uncle, via his brother Harry Valpy Toynbee, of universal historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889 ...
Arnold J. Toynbee, "Does History Repeat Itself?" Civilization on Trial , New York, Oxford University Press, 1948. G.W. Trompf, The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought, from Antiquity to the Reformation , Berkeley, University of California Press, 1979, ISBN 0-520-03479-1 .
World history or global history as a field of historical study examines history from a global perspective. It emerged centuries ago; some leading practitioners are Voltaire (1694–1778), Hegel (1770–1831), Karl Marx (1818–1883), Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), and Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975). The field became much more active (in terms ...
Toynbee's theory of decay [ edit ] In his acclaimed 12-volume work, A Study of History (1934–1961), the British historian Arnold J. Toynbee explored the rise and fall of 28 civilizations and came to the conclusion that civilizations generally collapsed mainly by internal factors, factors of their own making, but external pressures also played ...
Examples of macrohistorical analysis include Oswald Spengler's assertion that the lifespan of civilizations is limited and ultimately they decay. [3] There is also Arnold J. Toynbee's historical synthesis in explaining the rise and fall of civilizations, which also included those by other historians (e.g. William H. McNeill's The Rise of the West) inspired by his works. [9]
Study of History may refer to: A Study of History, a 12-volume book by British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, finished in 1961; Historiography, the study of history