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A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is any model in particle physics that merges the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces (the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model) into a single force at high energies. Although this unified force has not been directly observed, many GUT models theorize its existence.
Supersymmetric grand unified theories seem plausible not only for their theoretical "beauty", but because they naturally produce large quantities of dark matter, and because the inflationary force may be related to grand unified theory physics (although it does not seem to form an inevitable part of the theory). Yet grand unified theories are ...
Grand Unified Theories make predictions for the relative strengths of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces, and in 1991 LEP determined that supersymmetric theories have the correct ratio of couplings for a Georgi–Glashow Grand Unified Theory. Many Grand Unified Theories (but not Pati–Salam) predict that the proton can decay, and if ...
In addition to Standard Model particles, the theory includes twelve colored X bosons, responsible for proton decay. In particle physics, the Georgi–Glashow model [1] is a particular Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1974.
The grand unification energy, or the GUT scale, is the energy level above which, it is believed, the electromagnetic force, weak force, and strong force become equal in strength and unify to one force governed by a simple Lie group. The exact value of the grand unification energy (if grand unification is indeed realized in nature) depends on ...
In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 10 −43 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories.
A dream team of European neuroscientists is advancing toward a unified theory of consciousness, potentially unlocking the mysteries of the mind.
The Flipped SU(5) model is a grand unified theory (GUT) first contemplated by Stephen Barr in 1982, [1] and by Dimitri Nanopoulos and others in 1984. [2] [3] Ignatios Antoniadis, John Ellis, John Hagelin, and Dimitri Nanopoulos developed the supersymmetric flipped SU(5), derived from the deeper-level superstring.