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In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model was the first successful model of the atom. Developed from 1911 to 1918 by Niels Bohr and building on Ernest Rutherford 's nuclear model , it supplanted the plum pudding model of J J Thomson only to be replaced by the quantum atomic model in the 1920s.
Model of the hydrogen molecule and its axial projection. In addition to the model of the atom, Niels Bohr also proposed a model of the chemical bond.. He proposed this model first in the article "Systems containing several nuclei" [1] - the third and last of the classic series of articles by Bohr, published in November 1913 in Philosophical Magazine.
The Rutherford–Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. After Bohr's use of Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect to relate energy levels in atoms with the wavelength of emitted light, the connection between the structure of electrons in atoms and the emission and absorption spectra of atoms became an increasingly useful tool in the ...
Rutherford's model, being supported primarily by scattering data unfamiliar to many scientists, did not catch on until Niels Bohr joined Rutherford's lab and developed a new model for the electrons. [56]: 304 Rutherford model predicted that the scattering of alpha particles would be proportional to the square of the atomic charge.
Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
The Bohr model explains the atomic spectrum of hydrogen (see Hydrogen spectral series) as well as various other atoms and ions. It is not perfectly accurate, but is a remarkably good approximation in many cases, and historically played an important role in the development of quantum mechanics. The Bohr model posits that electrons revolve around ...
The red H-alpha spectral line of the Balmer series of atomic hydrogen, which is the transition from the shell n = 3 to the shell n = 2, is one of the conspicuous colours of the universe. It contributes a bright red line to the spectra of emission or ionisation nebula, like the Orion Nebula , which are often H II regions found in star forming ...
([2] page 364) The Sommerfeld extensions of the 1913 solar system Bohr model of the hydrogen atom showing the addition of elliptical orbits to explain spectral fine structure. The Bohr–Sommerfeld model (also known as the Sommerfeld model or Bohr–Sommerfeld theory) was an extension of the Bohr model to allow elliptical orbits of electrons ...