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A poll tax is a tax of a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources. Various privileges of citizenship, including voter registration or issuance of driving licenses and resident hunting and fishing licenses, were conditioned on payment of poll taxes to encourage the collection of this tax revenue.
The poll tax survived a legal challenge in the 1937 Supreme Court case Breedlove v. Suttles , which unanimously ruled that [The] privilege of voting is not derived from the United States, but is conferred by the state and, save as restrained by the Fifteenth and Nineteenth Amendments and other provisions of the Federal Constitution, the state ...
The poll tax, along with literacy tests and extra-legal intimidation, [43] such as by the Ku Klux Klan, achieved the desired effect of disenfranchising African Americans. Generally, In the United States, the term "poll tax" is used to mean a tax that must be paid in order to vote, rather than a capitation tax simply.
Low-income Californians eligible for tax credits often have their tax returns intercepted by the government for outstanding parking tickets, unpaid tuition and other fees.
"Toll agencies set prices (i.e., toll rates, fees, penalties) to offset unpaid tolls, just as the cost of goods we buy in retail stores is set to cover losses," the association said in an email.
The poll tax mechanism varied on a state-by-state basis; in Alabama, the poll tax was cumulative, meaning that a man had to pay all poll taxes due from the age of twenty-one onward in order to vote. In other states, poll taxes had to be paid for several years before being eligible to vote. Enforcement of poll tax laws was patchy.
Coupled with continued smishing scams texts asking for money for unpaid tolls, the organization has suspended all late fees and registration holds to give customers time to adjust to the new toll ...
Following the Reconstruction era until the culmination of the civil rights movement, Jim Crow laws such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and religious tests were some of the state and local laws used in various parts of the United States to deny immigrants (including legal ones and newly naturalized citizens), non-white citizens, Native Americans ...