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The pollen of orchids is organized into compact masses known as pollinia (singular: "pollinium"), preventing dispersal by wind and necessitating the presence of pollinators for sexual reproduction. [3] These pollinators vary widely and may include flies, mosquitos, bees, wasps, butterflies, coleopterans, and birds, particularly hummingbirds. [4 ...
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds. [1] Pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, for example beetles or butterflies; birds, and bats; water; wind; and even plants themselves.
Plants fall into pollination syndromes that reflect the type of pollinator being attracted. These are characteristics such as: overall flower size, the depth and width of the corolla, the color (including patterns called nectar guides that are visible only in ultraviolet light), the scent, amount of nectar, composition of nectar, etc. [2] For example, birds visit red flowers with long, narrow ...
Butterflies are important as pollinators for some species of plants. In general, they do not carry as much pollen load as bees, but they are capable of moving pollen over greater distances. [64] Flower constancy has been observed for at least one species of butterfly. [65] Adult butterflies consume only liquids, ingested through the proboscis.
Where the same plants have non-bee pollinators such as birds or other insects like flies, these are also indicated. Pollination by insects is called entomophily. Entomophily is a form of plant pollination whereby pollen is distributed by insects, particularly bees, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), flies and beetles.
Pollination is one ecological service butterflies provide; about 90% of flowering plants and 35% of crops rely on animal pollination. [10] [11] Butterfly gardens and monarch waystations, [12] even in developed urban areas, provide habitat [13] that increases the diversity of butterflies and other pollinators, including bees, flies, and beetles ...
A study which examined how fifteen plant species said to be dependent on animals for pollination would be impacted by pollinator decline, by excluding pollinators from them with domes, found that while most species do not suffer any impacts from decline in terms of reduced fertilization rates (seed set), three species did. [40]
Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects. Flowers pollinated by insects typically advertise themselves with bright colours, sometimes with conspicuous patterns (honey guides) leading to rewards of pollen and nectar ; they may also ...