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According to one definition, a turn is a structural motif where the C α atoms of two residues separated by a few (usually 1 to 5) peptide bonds are close (less than 7 Å [0.70 nm]). [1] The proximity of the terminal C α atoms often correlates with formation of an inter main chain hydrogen bond between the corresponding residues.
The four types of beta turn are distinguished by the φ, ψ angles of residues i+1 and i+2 as shown in the table below giving the typical average values. Glycines are especially common as amino acids with positive φ angles; for prolines such a conformation is sterically impossible but they occur frequently at amino acid positions where φ is ...
Inverse Warburg effect Another model has been described in tumor cells in an obesity model called Warburg effect inversion . Whereas in the reverse model, the stroma of the microenvironment produces energy-rich nutrients, in a context of obesity these nutrients already exist in the bloodstream and in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
The α-helix is the most abundant type of secondary structure in proteins. The α-helix has 3.6 amino acids per turn with an H-bond formed between every fourth residue; the average length is 10 amino acids (3 turns) or 10 Å but varies from 5 to 40 (1.5 to 11 turns). The alignment of the H-bonds creates a dipole moment for the helix with a ...
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.
The Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modelling method is a variation of the standard Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to solve an inverse problem whereby a model is adjusted until its parameters have the greatest consistency with experimental data.
The model is used in a variety of biochemical situations other than enzyme-substrate interaction, including antigen–antibody binding, DNA–DNA hybridization, and protein–protein interaction. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] It can be used to characterize a generic biochemical reaction, in the same way that the Langmuir equation can be used to model generic ...
Forward and reverse pharmacology approaches in drug discovery. In the field of drug discovery, reverse pharmacology [1] [2] [3] also known as target-based drug discovery (TDD), [4] a hypothesis is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target thought to be disease modifying will have beneficial therapeutic effects.