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The theory of impetus is an auxiliary or secondary theory of Aristotelian dynamics, put forth initially to explain projectile motion against gravity. Aristotelian dynamics of forced (in antiquity called “unnatural”) motion states that a body only moves when a force is constantly driving it.
Jean Buridan (/ ˈ b j ʊər ɪ d ən /; [9] French:; Latin: Johannes Buridanus; c. 1301 – c. 1359/62) was an influential 14th‑century French philosopher.. Buridan taught in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris for his entire career and focused in particular on logic and on the works of Aristotle.
John Philoponus (Greek: / f ɪ ˈ l ɒ p ə n ə s /; Ἰωάννης ὁ Φιλόπονος, Ioánnis o Philóponos; c. 490 – c. 570), also known as John the Grammarian or John of Alexandria, was a Coptic Miaphysite [1] philologist, Aristotelian commentator and Christian theologian from Alexandria, Byzantine Egypt, who authored a number of philosophical treatises and theological works.
The theory of motion presented by Avicenna was probably influenced by the 6th-century Alexandrian scholar John Philoponus. Avicenna's is a less sophisticated variant of the theory of impetus developed by Buridan in the 14th century. It is unclear if Buridan was influenced by Avicenna, or by Philoponus directly. [103]
It is the original impetus for self-projection or individuation as Coleridge put it. Reason is a unity not itself divisible, as it can only be used in the singular, unlike intellect and intellects. The intellect operating at the sense pole provides the power that leads to abstraction and man's separation from nature, but also awareness of self ...
Emanationism is a theory in the cosmology or cosmogony of certain religious and philosophical systems, that posits the concept of emanation.According to this theory, emanation, from the Latin emanare meaning "to flow from" or "to pour forth or out of", is the mode by which all existing things are derived from a 'first reality', or first principle.
De Motu may have been originally intended for publication, but Galileo eventually abandoned it in an incomplete form. What remains now includes a first draft essay on motion, several reworked portions of the essay, a dialogue, a set of topics and propositions, and a series of fragmentary thoughts, notes, and memoranda.
"The Theory of impetus was an auxiliary or secondary theory of Aristotelian dynamics introduced to explain projectile motion against gravity, first by Hipparchus in antiquity and subsequently by Philoponus, and was the ancestor of the concept of momentum in classical mechanics. Trajectory according to Avicenna, rejected by Buridan[citation needed]