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Salt marsh during low tide, mean low tide, high tide and very high tide (spring tide). A coastal salt marsh in Perry, Florida, USA.. A salt marsh, saltmarsh or salting, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides.
Inland salt marshes are quite rare and have unique conservation needs, yet there is a severe lack of research on these ecosystems. Protected by the European Natura 2000 network [ 8 ] and classified as a G1 category endangered ecosystem, [ 1 ] there is a strong need to protect these rare, decreasing ecosystems, yet a lack of available research ...
Salt marshes can be generally divided into the high marsh, low marsh, and the upland border. The low marsh is closer to the ocean, with it being flooded at nearly every tide except low tide. [ 53 ] The high marsh is located between the low marsh and the upland border and it usually only flooded when higher than usual tides are present. [ 53 ]
Tidal marshes sensitivity to anthropogenic activity have created long lasting affects. Currently, rising sea levels is one of the leading threats to tidal marshes caused by global warming and climate change. [28] [29] Pollution due to urbanization also continues to endanger tidal marsh ecosystems. [1]
Salt marshes can be generally divided into the high marsh, low marsh, and the upland border. The low marsh is closer to the ocean, with it being flooded at nearly every tide except low tide. [25] The high marsh is located between the low marsh and the upland border and it usually only flooded when higher than usual tides are present. [25]
A 2020 study reports that by 2050 global warming could be spreading in the deep ocean seven times faster than it is now, even if emissions of greenhouse gases are cut. Warming in mesopelagic and deeper layers could have major consequences for the deep ocean food web, since ocean species will need to move to stay at survival temperatures. [69] [70]
Wetlands, salt marshes, mangroves and adjacent fresh water wetlands are particularly vulnerable to such a squeeze. An upside to the strategy is that moving seaward (and upward) can create land of high value which can bring investment.
Coastal development, such as roads and houses, prevents salt marshes from migrating inland away from the coast as sea level rises. [10] In the past, salt marshes have migrated inland as a response to sea level from glaciation. [10] Land directly above marshes is slowly converted to high marsh due to increased salt water inundation due to SLR.