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Afrasiyab is the oldest part and the ruined site of the ancient and medieval city of Samarkand. It was located on high ground for defensive reasons, south of a river valley and north of a large fertile area which has now become part of the city of Samarkand.
The name comes from the Iranian languages Persian and Sogdian samar "stone, rock" and kand "fort, town." [12] In this respect, Samarkand shares the same meaning as the name of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, with tash-being the Turkic term for "stone" and -kent the Turkic analogue of kand borrowed from Iranian languages.
He includes size-variation forms to aid with the reading of hieroglyphs in running blocks of text. In contrast, for example, the Budge Reference has about 1,000 hieroglyphs listed in 50 pages, but with no size variations. Gardiner does not cross-index signs; once a sign is put on one of his lists, other significant uses may be overlooked.
It is also possible to use the hieroglyph of the pintail duck without a link to its meaning in order to represent the two phonemes s and ꜣ, independently of any vowels that could accompany these consonants, and in this way write the word: sꜣ, "son"; or when complemented by other signs detailed below [clarification needed] sꜣ, "keep, watch ...
The number is expressed in font units, one unit being a certain fraction of an em (one em is the type size currently used). Different fonts may use other units, but common values are 1000 and 2048 units/em. Thus, for 1000 units/em, a kerning value of 15 means an increase in character spacing by 0.015 of the current type size.
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The end of a sentence or half-verse may be marked with the "।" symbol (called a daṇḍa, meaning "bar", or called a pūrṇa virām, meaning "full stop/pause"). The end of a full verse may be marked with a double-daṇḍa, a "॥" symbol. A comma (called an alpa virām, meaning "short stop/pause") is used to denote a natural pause in speech.
The word font (US) or fount (traditional UK; in any case pronounced / f ɒ n t /) derives from Middle French fonte, meaning "cast iron". [2] The term refers to the process of casting metal type at a type foundry. The spelling font is mainly used in the United States, whereas fount was historically used in most Commonwealth countries.