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Bioluminescence is the emission of light during a chemiluminescence reaction by living organisms. [1] Bioluminescence occurs in diverse organisms ranging from marine vertebrates and invertebrates , as well as in some fungi , microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria , dinoflagellates and terrestrial arthropods such as fireflies .
Bioluminescent bacteria are light-producing bacteria that are predominantly present in sea water, marine sediments, the surface of decomposing fish and in the gut of marine animals. While not as common, bacterial bioluminescence is also found in terrestrial and freshwater bacteria. [1]
The mushrooms are bioluminescent and emit a pale green light. Fruiting occurs in forests on fallen woody debris such as dead twigs, branches, and logs. The fungus can be made to grow and fruit in laboratory conditions, and the growth conditions affecting bioluminescence have been investigated.
Conditions that affect the growth of fungi, such as pH, light and temperature, have been found to influence bioluminescence, suggesting a link between metabolic activity and fungal bioluminescence. [10]
At the molecular level, the difference in color arises from the degree of conjugation of the molecule, when an electron drops down from the excited state to the ground state. Deep sea organisms have evolved to produce light to lure and catch prey, as camouflage, or to attract others. Some bacteria even use bioluminescence to communicate.
Long exposure image of bioluminescence of N. scintillans in the yacht port of Zeebrugge, Belgium Kayaking in the Bioluminescent Bay, Vieques, Puerto Rico. At night, water can have an appearance of sparkling light due to the bioluminescence of dinoflagellates.
Bioluminescence is therefore influenced by cell sensitivity to stimulation, specific response, time, physiology and environmental factors. [11] N. scintillans is less prone to predation when in this 'phase' of bioluminescence, so this may be one of the functions of bioluminescence. The function of bioluminescence has not yet been proven, it is ...
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes that produce bioluminescence, and is usually distinguished from a photoprotein.The name was first used by Raphaël Dubois who invented the words luciferin and luciferase, for the substrate and enzyme, respectively. [1]