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Epitaxy can involve single-crystal structures, although grain-to-grain epitaxy has been observed in granular films. [1] [2] For most technological applications, single-domain epitaxy, which is the growth of an overlayer crystal with one well-defined orientation with respect to the substrate crystal, is preferred. Epitaxy can also play an ...
Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) is an epitaxy method for thin-film deposition of single crystals. MBE is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices , including transistors . [ 1 ] MBE is used to make diodes and MOSFETs (MOS field-effect transistors ) at microwave frequencies, and to manufacture the lasers used to read optical discs ...
Solar cells, or photovoltaic cells (PV) for producing electric power from sunlight can be grown as thick epi wafers on a monocrystalline silicon "seed" wafer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and then detached as self-supporting wafers of some standard thickness (e.g., 250 μm) that can be manipulated by hand, and directly substituted for wafer cells cut from monocrystalline silicon ingots.
A script session is captured in file name typescript by default; to specify a different filename follow the script command with a space and the filename as such: script recorded_session. The recorded format of script consists of plain-text timing information (for the whole session) and verbatim command output, including whatever ANSI escape ...
Command section – single line general purpose commands. The %packages section – listing of software packages to be installed & related options. The %pre, %pre-install, %post, %onerror, and %traceback sections – can contain scripts that will be executed at the appropriate time during the installation.
A reactor is a chamber made of a material that does not react with the chemicals being used. It must also withstand high temperatures. This chamber is composed by reactor walls, liner, a susceptor, gas injection units, and temperature control units. Usually, the reactor walls are made from stainless steel or quartz.
Such pipemill may not perform as intended if the body of the loop includes commands, such as cat and ssh, that read from stdin: [12] on the loop's first iteration, such a program (let's call it the drain) will read the remaining output from command, and the loop will then terminate (with results depending on the specifics of the drain). There ...
Chemical beam epitaxy was first demonstrated by W.T. Tsang in 1984. [1] This technique was then described as a hybrid of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) that exploited the advantages of both the techniques. In this initial work, InP and GaAs were grown using gaseous group III and V alkyls.