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The polynomial x 2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b).. In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind.
A general-purpose factoring algorithm, also known as a Category 2, Second Category, or Kraitchik family algorithm, [10] has a running time which depends solely on the size of the integer to be factored. This is the type of algorithm used to factor RSA numbers. Most general-purpose factoring algorithms are based on the congruence of squares method.
The factorizations are often not unique in the sense that the unit could be absorbed into any other factor with exponent equal to one. The entry 4+2i = −i(1+i) 2 (2+i), for example, could also be written as 4+2i= (1+i) 2 (1−2i). The entries in the table resolve this ambiguity by the following convention: the factors are primes in the right ...
If two or more factors of a polynomial are identical, then the polynomial is a multiple of the square of this factor. The multiple factor is also a factor of the polynomial's derivative (with respect to any of the variables, if several). For univariate polynomials, multiple factors are equivalent to multiple roots (over a suitable extension field).
with a corresponding factor graph shown on the right. Observe that the factor graph has a cycle. If we merge (,) (,) into a single factor, the resulting factor graph will be a tree. This is an important distinction, as message passing algorithms are usually exact for trees, but only approximate for graphs with cycles.
The multiplicity of a prime factor p of n is the largest exponent m for which p m divides n. The tables show the multiplicity for each prime factor. If no exponent is written then the multiplicity is 1 (since p = p 1). The multiplicity of a prime which does not divide n may be called 0 or may be considered undefined.
The theory of finite fields, whose origins can be traced back to the works of Gauss and Galois, has played a part in various branches of mathematics.Due to the applicability of the concept in other topics of mathematics and sciences like computer science there has been a resurgence of interest in finite fields and this is partly due to important applications in coding theory and cryptography.
Fermat's factorization method, named after Pierre de Fermat, is based on the representation of an odd integer as the difference of two squares: =. That difference is algebraically factorable as (+) (); if neither factor equals one, it is a proper factorization of N.