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  2. Nine dots puzzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_dots_puzzle

    [1] [2] Said chess puzzle corresponds to a "64 dots puzzle", i.e., marking all dots of an 8-by-8 square lattice, with an added constraint. [a] The Columbus Egg Puzzle from The Strand Magazine, 1907. In 1907, the nine dots puzzle appears in an interview with Sam Loyd in The Strand Magazine: [4] [2] "[...] Suddenly a puzzle came into my mind and ...

  3. Collatz conjecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture

    For any integer n, n ≡ 1 (mod 2) if and only if 3n + 1 ≡ 4 (mod 6). Equivalently, ⁠ n − 1 / 3 ⁠ ≡ 1 (mod 2) if and only if n ≡ 4 (mod 6). Conjecturally, this inverse relation forms a tree except for the 1–24 loop (the inverse of the 42–1 loop of the unaltered function f defined in the Statement of the problem section of ...

  4. Lottery mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_mathematics

    For a score of n (for example, if 3 choices match three of the 6 balls drawn, then n = 3), () describes the odds of selecting n winning numbers from the 6 winning numbers. This means that there are 6 - n losing numbers, which are chosen from the 43 losing numbers in ( 43 6 − n ) {\displaystyle {43 \choose 6-n}} ways.

  5. Relation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)

    As an example, "is less than" is a relation on the set of natural numbers; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4), but not between the values 3 and 1 nor between 4 and 4, that is, 3 < 1 and 4 < 4 both evaluate to false.

  6. Solved game - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solved_game

    A solved game is a game whose outcome (win, lose or draw) can be correctly predicted from any position, assuming that both players play perfectly.This concept is usually applied to abstract strategy games, and especially to games with full information and no element of chance; solving such a game may use combinatorial game theory or computer assistance.

  7. Casting out nines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_out_nines

    The digit sum of 2946, for example is 2 + 9 + 4 + 6 = 21. Since 21 = 2946 − 325 × 9, the effect of taking the digit sum of 2946 is to "cast out" 325 lots of 9 from it. If the digit 9 is ignored when summing the digits, the effect is to "cast out" one more 9 to give the result 12.

  8. Theorem on friends and strangers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem_on_friends_and...

    A 2-colouring of K 5 with no monochromatic K 3. The conclusion to the theorem does not hold if we replace the party of six people by a party of fewer than six. To show this, we give a coloring of K 5 with red and blue that does not contain a triangle with all edges the same color. We draw K 5 as a pentagon surrounding a star (a pentagram). We ...

  9. Determining the outcome of a match (association football)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determining_the_Outcome_of...

    The match "resulted in a victory for the Civil Service by three touches down to none, no goal being obtained by either side". [9] In the historic London v. Sheffield match played on March 31, 1866, "London" (a representative team from the Football Association) won by two goals and four touches down to nil. [10] The "touch down" lasted only one ...