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A Walrasian auction, introduced by Léon Walras, is a type of simultaneous auction where each agent calculates its demand for the good at every possible price and submits this to an auctioneer. The price is then set so that the total demand across all agents equals the total amount of the good.
Competitive equilibrium (also called: Walrasian equilibrium) is a concept of economic equilibrium, introduced by Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu in 1951, [1] appropriate for the analysis of commodity markets with flexible prices and many traders, and serving as the benchmark of efficiency in economic analysis.
The Walrasian auction is a type of simultaneous auction where each agent calculates its demand for the good at every possible price and submits this to an auctioneer. The price is then set so that the total demand across all agents equals the total amount of the good. Thus, a Walrasian auction perfectly matches the supply and the demand.
Walras's law is a consequence of finite budgets. If a consumer spends more on good A then they must spend and therefore demand less of good B, reducing B's price. The sum of the values of excess demands across all markets must equal zero, whether or not the economy is in a general equilibrium.
A classic example is the pair of auction mechanisms: first price auction and second price auction. First-price auction has a variant which is Bayesian-Nash incentive compatible; second-price auction is dominant-strategy-incentive-compatible, which is even stronger than Bayesian-Nash incentive compatible. The two mechanisms fulfill the ...
Theorem — Let be a positive integer. If : {: =,, >} is a set-valued function with closed graph that satisfies Walras's law, then there exists an economy with households indexed by , with no producers ("pure exchange economy"), and household endowments {} such that each household satisfies all assumptions in the "Assumptions" section except the "strict convexity" assumption, and is the excess ...
A uniform price auction otherwise known as a "clearing price auction", pay-as-clear [1] or marginal price auction, "marginal price system" (MPS), [2] is a multiunit auction in which a fixed number of identical units of a homogenous commodity are sold for the same price. Each bidder in the auction may submit (possibly multiple) bids, designating ...
It is typically assumed that and +, in which case is also known as the Walrasian, or competitive, budget set. The budget set is bounded above by a k {\displaystyle k} -dimensional budget hyperplane characterized by the equation p x = m {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} \mathbf {x} =m} , which in the two-good case corresponds to the budget line .