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For mobile phone technology, a mobile allocation index offset (MAIO) refers a time delay separating traffic channels.When a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) mobile phone is served by a cell that is hopping over a set of frequencies, the separate traffic channels hop over the allocated frequencies according to a hopping sequence number (HSN).
The frequency band is divided into smaller sub-bands. Signals rapidly change ("hop") their carrier frequencies among the center frequencies of these sub-bands in a determined order. Interference at a specific frequency will affect the signal only during a short interval. [1] FHSS offers four main advantages over a fixed-frequency transmission:
Configuration Description [4]; AN/VRC-87: Vehicular 5-watt short-range AN/MRC-145: Vehicular 50-watt radio system with two RT-1523s and a HMMWV assigned to the system
The jurisdiction then assigns a single digit (a numeral to separate prefix from suffix) as well as a suffix of from one to four characters (the last being a letter) and appends them in that order to their assigned prefixes. The resulting call sign must uniquely identify a ham radio operator within that jurisdiction.
For example, in order to match an inductive load into a real impedance, a capacitor needs to be used. If the load impedance becomes capacitive, the matching element must be replaced by an inductor. In many cases, there is a need to use the same circuit to match a broad range of load impedance and thus simplify the circuit design.
A wireless ad hoc network [1] (WANET) or mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a decentralized type of wireless network.The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers or wireless access points.
In telecommunications, a hop is a portion of a signal's journey from source to receiver. Examples include: Examples include: The excursion of a radio wave from the Earth to the ionosphere and back to the Earth.
While the groundwave (blue) cannot propagate, the refracted skywaves (red) achieve HF coverage within the common first hop (~500 km or 310 miles). The most reliable frequencies for NVIS communications are between 1.8 MHz and 8 MHz. Above 8 MHz, the probability of success begins to decrease, dropping to near zero at 30 MHz.