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A very narrow band, which is shared with non-amateur services. It is recommended that only Morse code and data transmissions be used here, and in some countries amateur voice transmission is actually prohibited. For example, in the US, data, RTTY, and CW are the only modes allowed at a maximum 200 W peak envelope power (PEP) output. Not ...
Morse code is called the original digital mode. Radio telegraphy, designed for machine-to-machine communication is the direct on / off keying of a continuous wave carrier by Morse code symbols, often called amplitude-shift keying or ASK, may be considered to be an amplitude modulated mode of communications, and is rightfully considered the first digital data mode.
The first signal report format code may have been QJS. [citation needed]The U.S. Navy used R and K signals starting in 1929. [citation needed]The QSK code was one of the twelve Q Codes listed in the 1912 International Radiotelegraph Convention Regulations, but may have been in use earlier.
An amateur radio net, or simply ham net, is an "on-the-air" gathering of amateur radio operators.Most nets convene on a regular schedule and specific frequency, and are organized for a particular purpose, such as relaying messages, discussing a common topic of interest, in severe weather (for example, during a Skywarn activation), emergencies, or simply as a regular gathering of friends for ...
For mobile phone technology, a mobile allocation index offset (MAIO) refers a time delay separating traffic channels.When a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) mobile phone is served by a cell that is hopping over a set of frequencies, the separate traffic channels hop over the allocated frequencies according to a hopping sequence number (HSN).
Slow-speed side channel for short and repeated data transfers, e.g. GNSS position data or telemetry. Encryption : Bit scrambler encryption: a pseudorandom binary sequence created by combining an exclusive-or bitwise operation on the audio or data stream and a linear-feedback shift register using one of 3 feedback polynomials with 255, 65,535 ...
PSK Reporter data has been used for research in UHF and VHF radio propagation; [11] [19] [20] to help improve machine learning algorithms that predict HF propagation; [21] [22] and to evaluate and test the performance of installed antennas.
The co-ordination of HQ radio frequency channels in the NATO-harmonised UHF-band, the design of the so-called HQ hop-sets, is provided in NATO-Europe in responsibility of the NATO Allied Radio Frequency Agency (ARFA) in Brussels. For training and exercises, HQ operates in peacetime mode with limited frequency access. Four net-numbers may be ...