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Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) can be inherited in an X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive pattern, depending on the genes involved. Two forms of CSNB can also affect horses, one linked to the leopard complex of equine coat colors and the other found in certain horse breeds. Both are autosomal recessives.
Congenital stationary night blindness has been linked with the leopard complex since the 1970s. [14] The presence of CSNB in non-leopard breeds and horses suggested that the two conditions might be located on close, but separate genes.
Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is usually diagnosed based on the owner's observations, but some horses have visibly abnormal eyes: poorly aligned eyes (dorsomedial strabismus) or involuntary eye movement (nystagmus). [8] In horses, CSNB has been linked with the leopard complex color pattern since the 1970s. [9]
A white horse has mostly pink skin under its hair coat, and may have brown, blue, or hazel eyes. "True white" horses, especially those that carry one of the dominant white (W) genes, are rare. Most horses that are commonly referred to as "white" are actually "gray" horses whose hair coats are completely white. Gray horses may be born of any ...
The complete form of congenital stationary night blindness is due to the absence of nyctalopin. [16] This absence is due to a mutation involving an 85 base pair deletion. [ 17 ] In humans, more than 30 mutations are found in the NYX gene and most of them have an impact either on the tertiary structure of the LRR domains of nyctalopin or to ...
Congenital blindness is sometimes used interchangeably with "Childhood Blindness." However, current literature has various definitions of both terms. Childhood blindness encompasses multiple diseases and conditions present in ages up to 16 years old, which can result in permanent blindness or severe visual impairment over time. [2] Congenital ...
The gene for LWS is most common in the American Paint Horse, but occurs in any breed that may carry frame genetics, including American Quarter Horses, Appaloosas, Thoroughbreds, Morgan horses, miniature horses, Tennessee Walking Horses, and mustangs, as well as horses that are descended from these breeds.
Goldmann–Favre syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by early-onset nyctalopia, decreased visual acuity, and abnormal findings of the fundus. [1] It is a type of progressive vitreotapetoretinal degeneration. [2] This condition is more common among Marrano Jews living in Belmonte, Portugal.