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A urine test strip or dipstick is a basic ... usually less than 100–300 mg/L or 100 mg per 24 hours is excreted. This protein consists primarily of low-molecular ...
A dipstick test for urine protein, called Albustix, was introduced by Miles Laboratories in 1957, [169] and the first multi-test dipsticks were released in 1959. Automated test strip readers came onto the market in the 1980s. [170]
Urine protein/creatinine ratio is a widely used initial method to estimate daily protein excretion in urine. [1] [2] [3] Since the diagnosis and management of proteinuric renal diseases and the staging of chronic kidney disease depend on accurate identification and quantitation of proteinuria, [4] [1] the implementation of the 24-hour urine collection is the most accurate procedure in practice ...
Alternatively, the concentration of protein in the urine may be compared to the creatinine level in a spot urine sample. This is termed the protein/creatinine ratio. The 2005 UK Chronic Kidney Disease guidelines state that protein/creatinine ratio is a better test than 24-hour urinary protein measurement.
Urine analysis, urine cytology, complement activity, urine culture, and serological studies can help differentiate orthostatic albuminuria from other causes of proteinuria. Recumbent and upright urine protein to creatinine ratio is often used as a screening test. 24-hour split urine testing is often tested. [10]
Urine cytology — cytopathological examination of cells in the urine, used to screen for cancer [21] Urine protein electrophoresis — classification and measurement of different proteins in the urine; used to help diagnose monoclonal gammopathies [22] Urine organic acids, urine amino acids — used to test for some inborn errors of metabolism [8]