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2. Granular base equivalency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_base_equivalency

   The thickness of these layers can be translated to GBE. Granular base equivalency or granular base equivalence (GBE) is a measure of total pavement thickness. [1] [2] Since pavement is composed of multiple layers with different physical properties, its total thickness is measured by GBE. GBE translates the thickness of different road layers to ...

3. Shell pavement design method - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_pavement_design_method

   The Shell pavement design method was used in many countries for the design of new pavements made of asphalt. [1] First published in 1963, [2] it was the first mechanistic design method, providing a procedure that was no longer based on codification of historic experience but instead that permitted computation of strain levels at key positions in the pavement.

4. Falling weight deflectometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_weight_deflectometer

   FWD data is most often used to calculate stiffness-related parameters of a pavement structure. The process of calculating the elastic moduli of individual layers in a multi-layer system (e.g. asphalt concrete on top of a base course on top of the subgrade) based on surface deflections is known as "backcalculation", as there is no closed-form solution.

5. Pavement engineering - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavement_engineering

   Pavement engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to design and maintain flexible and rigid pavements. This includes streets and highways and involves knowledge of soils, hydraulics, and material properties. Pavement engineering involves new construction as well as rehabilitation and maintenance of existing ...

6. Pavement performance modeling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavement_performance_modeling

   Generally concrete pavements are more durable in warmer climates, and asphalt pavements are more resilient against cold weather. The joints in concrete pavement is another source of issue. In a certain type of road (concrete, asphalt or gravel), the thickness of layers and type of materials used in base, sub-base and pavement layer matters.

7. Highway engineering - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_engineering

   The service life of a flexible pavement is typically designed in the range of 20 to 30 years. [12] Required thicknesses of each layer of a flexible pavement vary widely depending on the materials used, magnitude, number of repetitions of traffic loads, environmental conditions, and the desired service life of the pavement.