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Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) can be inherited in an X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive pattern, depending on the genes involved. Two forms of CSNB can also affect horses, one linked to the leopard complex of equine coat colors and the other found in certain horse breeds. Both are autosomal recessives.
Congenital stationary night blindness has been linked with the leopard complex since the 1970s. [14] The presence of CSNB in non-leopard breeds and horses suggested that the two conditions might be located on close, but separate genes.
Appaloosas that are homozygous for the leopard complex (LP) gene are also at risk for congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB). [105] This form of night blindness has been linked with the leopard complex since the 1970s, [ 106 ] and in 2007 a "significant association" between LP and CSNB was identified.
The complete form of congenital stationary night blindness is due to the absence of nyctalopin. [16] This absence is due to a mutation involving an 85 base pair deletion. [ 17 ] In humans, more than 30 mutations are found in the NYX gene and most of them have an impact either on the tertiary structure of the LRR domains of nyctalopin or to ...
Nyctalopia (/ ˌ n ɪ k t ə ˈ l oʊ p i ə /; from Ancient Greek νύκτ-(núkt-) ' night ' ἀλαός (alaós) ' blind, invisible ' and ὄψ (óps) ' eye '), [1] also called night blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases.
Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB2) is a heritable genetic condition that has been found in some Tennessee Walking Horses. It is a recessive missense mutation in the GRM6 gene and is believed to inhibit the ability of the ON-bipolar cell to uptake glutamate. [10]
A white horse has mostly pink skin under its hair coat, and may have brown, blue, or hazel eyes. "True white" horses, especially those that carry one of the dominant white (W) genes, are rare. Most horses that are commonly referred to as "white" are actually "gray" horses whose hair coats are completely white. Gray horses may be born of any ...
Congenital blindness is sometimes used interchangeably with "Childhood Blindness." However, current literature has various definitions of both terms. Childhood blindness encompasses multiple diseases and conditions present in ages up to 16 years old, which can result in permanent blindness or severe visual impairment over time. [ 2 ]