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  2. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  3. Word list - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_list

    A word list is a list of words in a lexicon, generally sorted by frequency of occurrence (either by graded levels, or as a ranked list).A word list is compiled by lexical frequency analysis within a given text corpus, and is used in corpus linguistics to investigate genealogies and evolution of languages and texts.

  4. Frequency (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_(statistics)

    A frequency distribution shows a summarized grouping of data divided into mutually exclusive classes and the number of occurrences in a class. It is a way of showing unorganized data notably to show results of an election, income of people for a certain region, sales of a product within a certain period, student loan amounts of graduates, etc.

  5. Bag-of-words model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag-of-words_model

    It disregards word order (and thus most of syntax or grammar) but captures multiplicity. The bag-of-words model is commonly used in methods of document classification where, for example, the (frequency of) occurrence of each word is used as a feature for training a classifier. [1] It has also been used for computer vision. [2]

  6. Frequentist probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequentist_probability

    An event is defined as a particular subset of the sample space to be considered. For any given event, only one of two possibilities may hold: It occurs or it does not. The relative frequency of occurrence of an event, observed in a number of repetitions of the experiment, is a measure of the probability of that event. This is the core ...

  7. Collocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collocation

    Rather than select a single definition, Gledhill [3] proposes that collocation involves at least three different perspectives: co-occurrence, a statistical view, which sees collocation as the recurrent appearance in a text of a node and its collocates; [4] [5] [6] construction, which sees collocation either as a correlation between a lexeme and ...

  8. Hapax legomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapax_legomenon

    The word has become extremely common in modern Hebrew. Zechuchith (זכוכית) is a hapax legomenon of Biblical Hebrew, found only in Job 28:17. The word derives from the root זכה z-ch-h, meaning clear/transparent and refers to glass or crystal. In Modern Hebrew, it is used for "glass".

  9. Kai (conjunction) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_(conjunction)

    Kai is a word that is a conjunction meaning "and" in Ancient Greek (καί, kaí, ), Modern Greek (και, kai, ), Coptic (ⲕⲁⲓ, kai, ) and Esperanto (kaj, ).. Kai is the most frequent word in any Greek text, and thus used by statisticians to assess authorship of ancient manuscripts based on the number of times it is used.