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The Kentucky coffee tree (Gymnocladus dioicus), also known as American coffee berry, Kentucky mahogany, nicker tree, and stump tree, [4] is a tree in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the legume family Fabaceae, native to the Midwest, Upper South, Appalachia, and small pockets of New York in the United States and Ontario in Canada.
Cladrastis kentukea, the Kentucky yellowwood or American yellowwood (syn. C. lutea, C. tinctoria), is a species of Cladrastis native to the Southeastern United States, with a restricted range from western North Carolina west to eastern Oklahoma, and from southern Missouri and Indiana south to central Alabama. The tree is sometimes also called ...
To identify the tree, look for "alternately arranged teardrop shape rippled leaves with finely toothed margins," according to Penn State Extension. "The bark is gray brown and becomes scaly with age."
The remarkable bark pattern is even more pronounced in younger trees, with the irregularly-spaced ridges resembling long geologic palisades of sedimentary [layered] rock formations when viewed edge-wise [cross-section]. Coins as large as U.S. quarters can easily be laid flat against the valleys, which may be as deep as an adult human finger.
Maclura pomifera, commonly known as the Osage orange (/ ˈ oʊ s eɪ dʒ / OH-sayj), is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, native to the south-central United States.It typically grows about 8 to 15 metres (30–50 ft) tall.
Fagus grandifolia is a large deciduous tree [6] growing to 16–35 metres (52–115 feet) tall, [7] with smooth, silver-gray bark.The leaves are dark green, simple and sparsely-toothed with small teeth that terminate each vein, 6–12 centimetres (2 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches) long (rarely 15 cm or 6 in), with a short petiole.
Sassafras trees grow from 9–35 metres (30–115 feet) tall with many slender sympodial branches and smooth, orange-brown bark or yellow bark. [7] All parts of the plants are fragrant. The species are unusual in having three distinct leaf patterns on the same plant: unlobed oval, bilobed (mitten-shaped), and trilobed (three-pronged); the ...
The spines typically remain on the tree until the young thin bark to which they are attached is replaced by the thicker mature bark. They develop from stipules [10] (small leaf-like structures that grow at the base of leaves), and since stipules are paired at the base of leaves, the spines will be paired at the bases of leaves.