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Log reduction is a measure of how thoroughly a decontamination process reduces the concentration of a contaminant. It is defined as the common logarithm of the ratio of the levels of contamination before and after the process, so an increment of 1 corresponds to a reduction in concentration by a factor of 10.
Calculation of signal-to-noise ratio, noise voltage, and noise level; Learning by simulations – a simulation showing the improvement of the SNR by time averaging; Dynamic Performance Testing of Digital Audio D/A Converters; Fundamental theorem of analog circuits: a minimum level of power must be dissipated to maintain a level of SNR
Fold change is a measure describing how much a quantity changes between an original and a subsequent measurement. It is defined as the ratio between the two quantities; for quantities A and B the fold change of B with respect to A is B/A.
The common random numbers variance reduction technique is a popular and useful variance reduction technique which applies when we are comparing two or more alternative configurations (of a system) instead of investigating a single configuration. CRN has also been called correlated sampling, matched streams or matched pairs.
[14] [15] Many crest factor reduction techniques (CFR) have been proposed for OFDM. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] The reduction in crest factor results in a system that can either transmit more bits per second with the same hardware, or transmit the same bits per second with lower-power hardware (and therefore lower electricity costs [ 19 ] and less ...
The reduction rate of the cycloidal drive is obtained from the following formula, where P means the number of the ring gear pins and L is the number of lobes on the cycloidal disc. = Single-stage efficiency approaches 93% and double-stage approaches 86%. [3]
In epidemiology, the relative risk reduction (RRR) or efficacy is the relative decrease in the risk of an adverse event in the exposed group compared to an unexposed group. It is computed as ( I u − I e ) / I u {\displaystyle (I_{u}-I_{e})/I_{u}} , where I e {\displaystyle I_{e}} is the incidence in the exposed group, and I u {\displaystyle I ...
The electric potential also varies with temperature, concentration and pressure. Since the oxidation potential of a half-reaction is the negative of the reduction potential in a redox reaction, it is sufficient to calculate either one of the potentials. Therefore, standard electrode potential is commonly written as standard reduction potential.