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The Cope elimination is very similar to the Hofmann elimination in principle, but occurs under milder conditions. It also favors the formation of the Hofmann product, and for the same reasons. [3] An example of a Hofmann elimination (not involving a contrast between a Zaitsev product and a Hofmann product) is the synthesis of trans-cyclooctene. [4]
Hofmann elimination is a temperature- and pH-dependent process, and therefore atracurium's rate of degradation in vivo is highly influenced by body pH and temperature: An increase in body pH favors the elimination process, [39] [40] whereas a decrease in temperature slows down the process. [38]
Because Hofmann elimination is a temperature- and plasma pH-dependent process, cisatracurium's rate of degradation in vivo is highly influenced by body pH and temperature just as it is with the parent molecule, atracurium: thus, an increase in body pH favors the elimination process, [citation needed] whereas a decrease in temperature slows down ...
In the development of atracurium the main idea was to make use of Hofmann elimination of the muscle relaxant in vivo. When working with bisbenzyl-isoquinolinium types of molecules, inserting proper features into the molecule such as an appropriate electron withdrawing group then Hofmann elimination should occur at conditions in vivo.
In order for the Hofmann product to form, elimination must occur at the 6-position. Because the proton at this position has the correct orientation relative to the leaving group, elimination can and does occur. As a result, this particular reaction produces only the Hofmann product.
Laudanosine is a metabolite associated with other related neuromuscular blocking agents such as cisatracurium and atracurium and its detected presence is consequent to the in vivo Hofmann elimination of both these chemodegradable agents (cf. the initial 1985 editorial commentary by Frank G. Standaert, MD on the controversial laudanosine issue ...
Hints and the solution for today's Wordle on Wednesday, January 22.
1) Hofmann elimination, a non-enzymatic process which occurs at physiological pH and temperature 2) ester hydolysis catalysed by non-specific esterases But " Hofmann elimination (also known as exhaustive methylation) is a process where an amine is reacted to create a tertiary amine and an alkene by treatment with excess methyl iodide followed ...