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Involution is the shrinking or return of an organ to a former size. At a cellular level, involution is characterized by the process of proteolysis of the basement membrane (basal lamina), leading to epithelial regression and apoptosis, with accompanying stromal fibrosis. The consequent reduction in cell number and reorganization of stromal ...
a-, an-: Pronunciation: /ə/, /a/, /ən/, /an/.Origin: Ancient Greek: ἀ-, ἀν-(a, an-). Meaning: a prefix used to make words with a sense opposite to that of the ...
Unusual names have caused issues for scientists explaining genetic diseases to lay-people, such as when an individual is affected by a gene with an offensive or insensitive name. [13] This has particularly been noted in patients with a defect in the sonic hedgehog gene pathway and the disease formerly named CATCH22 for "cardiac anomaly, T-cell ...
The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.
The extinction event may have been more severe for the larger-bodied species, leaving only species of smaller-bodied animals behind. [1] As such, organisms in the smaller species which then make up the recovering ecosystem, will take time to evolve larger bodies to replace the extinct species and re-occupy the vacant ecological niche for a large-bodied animal. [1]
Late 18th-century biologists began to develop techniques in population modeling in order to understand the dynamics of growing and shrinking of all populations of living organisms. Thomas Malthus was one of the first to note that populations grew with a geometric pattern while contemplating the fate of humankind. [ 3 ]
In developmental biology, pattern formation refers to the generation of complex organizations of cell fates in space and time. The role of genes in pattern formation is an aspect of morphogenesis , the creation of diverse anatomies from similar genes, now being explored in the science of evolutionary developmental biology or evo-devo.
Stentor coeruleus, used in molecular biology (its genome has been sequenced), [5] and is studied as a model of single-cell regeneration.; Dictyostelium discoideum, used in molecular biology and genetics (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell death.