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  2. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    If objects have properties that are rarely used, this can improve startup speed. Mean average program performance may be slightly worse in terms of memory (for the condition variables) and execution cycles (to check them), but the impact of object instantiation is spread in time ("amortized") rather than concentrated in the startup phase of a ...

  3. Object pool pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_pool_pattern

    The object pool design pattern creates a set of objects that may be reused. When a new object is needed, it is requested from the pool. If a previously prepared object is available, it is returned immediately, avoiding the instantiation cost. If no objects are present in the pool, a new item is created and returned.

  4. Creational pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creational_pattern

    They provide different ways to remove explicit references in the concrete classes from the code that needs to instantiate them. [8] In other words, they create independency for objects and classes. Consider applying creational patterns when: A system should be independent of how its objects and products are created.

  5. Factory method pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_method_pattern

    Based on the type passed to the PersonFactory object, the original concrete object is returned as the interface IPerson. A factory method is just an addition to the PersonFactory class. It creates the object of the class through interfaces but also allows the subclass to decide which class is instantiated.

  6. Component Object Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_Object_Model

    The design of an application must take this into account so that objects are not left orphaned. Objects may also be left with active reference counts if the COM "event sink" model is used. Since the object that fires the event needs a reference to the object reacting to the event, the latter's reference count will never reach zero.

  7. Instance (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instance_(computer_science)

    A class instance is an object-oriented programming (OOP) object created from a class. Each instance of a class shares a data layout but has its own memory allocation.

  8. C file input/output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_file_input/output

    The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.

  9. Constructor (object-oriented programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructor_(object...

    In C++, objects are created on the stack when the constructor is invoked without the new operator, and created on the heap when the constructor is invoked with the new operator. Stack objects are deleted implicitly when they go out of scope, while heap objects must be deleted implicitly by a destructor or explicitly by using the delete operator.